Sergeant Alexander Stewart, DCM, MM

Born on 12 July 1886 in Croy, Nairnshire, Scotland - husband of Mary Stewart, Brantford, Ontario - at the time of his enlistment in 1916: present address same as wife; trade as police constable; married; currently serving with the 38th Regiment Dufferin Rifles of Canada; previously served with the Highland Garrison Artillery (four years); Presbyterian; height of 6 feet 0 inches; chest of 39 inches fully expanded; fair complexion; brown eyes; brown hair.

Joined the 215th Battalion, CEF, in Brantford, Ontario, on 6 March 1916 (number 270005) - taken on the strength of the 38th Battalion, CEF, on 27 or 28 March 1918 - struck off the strength of the 38th Battalion on 16 June 1919.

Awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal - official citation: "For gallantry and devotion to duty during operations resulting in the capture of Valenciennes and towns east of that city, from 27th October to 5th November, 1918. When the company was advancing in artillery formation from St. Saulve, on 2nd November, it suddenly came under severe machine gun fire and a heavy enemy barrage. He moved across the entire company frontage twice, and by his disregard of safety set a splendid example to all." - unit recommendation dated 26 December 1918: "For Gallantry during operations near Valenciennes (Peace Despatch)."

Awarded the Military Medal - no official citation - unit recommendation dated November 1918: "For gallantry during operation around Valenciennes from Nov. 1 to 5/18."

Stewart later served as the Chief of Police in Barrie, Ontario, from 1925 to 1945.

(sources: Library and Archives Canada (www.collectionscanada.gc.ca), online attestation papers; Canadian War Museum, 19740281-001, Manu 58F 2 3, 207th Canadian Infantry Battalion and 38th Canadian Infantry Battalion, Nominal Roll; The Cameron Highlanders of Ottawa Regimental Museum, A400-0007, Master Personnel List for the 38th Canadian Infantry Battalion, Canadian Expeditionary Force; Canadian War Museum, 19680229-001, Manu 58C 1 2.18, Honours and Awards, 38th Battalion (Records of recommendations for honours and awards and mentioned in dispatches 19161121 19190117))

(Thanks to Darcy Murray for the information and photograph of Police Chief Stewart.)

Private William Thomas Verral, DCM

Born on 9 April 1883 in Toronto, Ontario – son of Mrs. Annie Verral, Toronto, Ontario – at the time of his enlistment in 1916: present address same as mother; trade as traveller; single; no current military service; previously served with The Queen’s Own Rifles of Canada (eight years), the 4th Battalion (fourteen months), and the 12th Reserve Battalion (two months); Church of England; height of 5 feet 11 inches; chest of 37.5 inches fully expanded; fair complexion; gray eyes; brown hair.

Joined the 126th Battalion, CEF, in Toronto, Ontario, on 5 January 1916 (number 775204) – taken on the strength of the 38th Battalion, CEF, on 4 or 6 December 1916 – struck off the strength of the 38th Battalion on 16 June 1919.

Awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal – official citation: “For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty near Valenciennes, from 1st to 5th November, 1918. On two separate occasions, when his company was held up, he carried out the capture of enemy strong points under intense machine gun and trench mortar fire, killing and wounding many of the enemy and capturing guns. Later, when all the officers and senior N.C.O’s had become casualties, he assumed command of the company, and led it to the objective.” – unit recommendation dated November 1918: “For gallantry during operation in around [sic] Valenciennes from Nov. 1 to 5/18.”

Died on 20 October 1922.

(sources: Library and Archives Canada (www.collectionscanada.gc.ca), online attestation papers; Canadian War Museum, 19740281-001, Manu 58F 2 3, 207th Canadian Infantry Battalion and 38th Canadian Infantry Battalion, Nominal Roll; The Cameron Highlanders of Ottawa Regimental Museum, A400-0007, Master Personnel List for the 38th Canadian Infantry Battalion, Canadian Expeditionary Force; Canadian War Museum, 19680229-001, Manu 58C 1 2.18, Honours and Awards, 38th Battalion (Records of recommendations for honours and awards and mentioned in dispatches 19161121 19190117))

Sergeant Frank Shrubshall, DCM

Born on 26 November 1881 in Faversham, Kent, England - husband of Edith G. Shrubshall, Toronto, Ontario - at the time of his enlistment in 1916: present address same as wife; trade as locomotive engineer; married; no current or previous military service; Church of England; height of 5 feet 6 inches; chest of 38 inches fully expanded; fair complexion; gray eyes; light brown hair.

Joined the 126th Battalion, CEF, in Toronto, Ontario, on 13 March 1916 (number 775972) - taken on the strength of the 38th Battalion, CEF, on 4 or 6 December 1916 - killed in action on 2 September 1918 - buried in Dury Mill British Cemetery (grave I.C.27), France.

Awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal - citation: "For conspicuous gallantry during the operations south of Lihon on 10th August, 1918, when the advance of his platoon was held up by an enemy machine gun post. He charged the position single-handed and, though the enemy got the gun away, he killed two of the crew. His action aided the advance of his platoon. During the entire action his example and disregard of his own safety were an inspiration to the men of his platoon." - unit recommendation dated 15 August 1918: "For splendid conduct during operations south of Lihon 10.8.18."

(sources: Library and Archives Canada (www.collectionscanada.gc.ca), online attestation papers; Canadian War Museum, 19740281-001, Manu 58F 2 3, 207th Canadian Infantry Battalion and 38th Canadian Infantry Battalion, Nominal Roll; The Cameron Highlanders of Ottawa Regimental Museum, A400-0007, Master Personnel List for the 38th Canadian Infantry Battalion, Canadian Expeditionary Force; Commonwealth War Graves Commission, "Debt of Honour" register, www.cwgc.org; Canadian War Museum, 19680229-001, Manu 58C 1 2.18, Honours and Awards, 38th Battalion (Records of recommendations for honours and awards and mentioned in dispatches 19161121 19190117))

Sergeant John Sage, DCM

Born on 1 September 1887 in Wright County, Quebec - next of kin listed as Mrs. Delia Sage, Ottawa, Ontario - at the time of his enlistment in 1915: trade as steam hammer operator; married; currently a member of the Governor General's Foot Guards (one year); no previous military service; Presbyterian; height of 5 feet 5 inches; chest of 36 inches fully expanded; dark complexion; blue eyes; black hair.

Joined the 38th Battalion, CEF, in Ottawa, Ontario, on 19 July 1915 (number 410396) - served with the 38th Battalion during its period of garrison duty in Bermuda - landed in France with the 38th Battalion on 13 August 1916 - wounded on 18 November 1916 - rejoined the 38th Battalion on 9 January 1917 - wounded on 28 June 1917 - rejoined the 38th Battalion on 6 September 1917 - wounded on 3 May 1918 - invalided to England on 11 May 1918 - later served with the Corps of Military Staff Clerks.

Awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal - official citation: "For conspicuous gallantry in action. He displayed great courage and initiative during an attack against an enemy strong point, materially assisting in the capture of the position, three machine guns and fifty prisoners." - unit recommendation dated 21 November 1916: "In attack on Desire Trench Nov. 18/16, they did valuable work in attacking with Capt. MacDowell a M.G. Post and capturing the crew."

(sources: Library and Archives Canada (www.collectionscanada.gc.ca), online attestation papers; Canadian War Museum, 19740281-001, Manu 58F 2 3, 207th Canadian Infantry Battalion and 38th Canadian Infantry Battalion, Nominal Roll; The Cameron Highlanders of Ottawa Regimental Museum, A400-0007, Master Personnel List for the 38th Canadian Infantry Battalion, Canadian Expeditionary Force; Canadian War Museum, 19680229-001, Manu 58C 1 2.18, Honours and Awards, 38th Battalion (Records of recommendations for honours and awards and mentioned in dispatches 19161121 19190117))

Warrant Officer Class II (Company Sergeant-Major) James Kemp Irwin, DCM

Born on 4 April 1897 in Norwich, Ontario - son of Elizabeth Irwin, Waterford, Ontario - at the time of his enlistment in 1916: present address in Dutton, Ontario; trade as bank clerk; single; no current or previous military service; Church of England; height of 5 feet 11.25 inches; chest of 36 inches fully expanded; medium complexion; brown eyes; dark brown hair.

Joined the 91st Battalion, CEF, in St. Thomas, Ontario, on 10 March 1916 (number 190104) - taken on the strength of the 38th Battalion, CEF, on 20 or 21 August 1916 - struck off strength of the 38th Battalion to attend the Officers' Training Course as a cadet on 27 October 1918 - commission not received before the Armistice was concluded.

Awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal - official citation: "For conspicuous gallantry and initiative in the attack on the Drocourt-Queant line on September 2, 1918. During the attack he moved in advance of the company under intense machine-gun fire through the wire. In the assault with the battalion on the left he saved a critical situation by manoeuvering a platoon and clearing up an enemy machine-gun nest. When his officers had become casualties he led the company to the final objective and consolidated." - unit recommendation dated 7 September 1918: "For gallantry, as C.S.M. of 'D' Company, during Scarpe Operations, Sept 1st and 2nd 1918."

Recommended for an unnamed award on 3 July 1917: "This N.C.O. rendered most valuable service while in charge of patrols and in assisting Sgt. Nunney in his work."

(Many thanks to Paul Freeman and the Elgin County Archives for the image of WO II Irwin).

(sources: Library and Archives Canada (www.collectionscanada.gc.ca), online attestation papers; Canadian War Museum, 19740281-001, Manu 58F 2 3, 207th Canadian Infantry Battalion and 38th Canadian Infantry Battalion, Nominal Roll; The Cameron Highlanders of Ottawa Regimental Museum, A400-0007, Master Personnel List for the 38th Canadian Infantry Battalion, Canadian Expeditionary Force; Canadian War Museum, 19680229-001, Manu 58C 1 2.18, Honours and Awards, 38th Battalion (Records of recommendations for honours and awards and mentioned in dispatches 19161121 19190117))

Private Bertie Pay, DCM

Born on 26 February 1890 in Sussex, England - son of Mrs. Priscilla Pay, Gesignfeld[?], Hants, England - at the time of his enlistment in 1916: trade as farming; single; no current or previous military service; Church of England; height of 5 feet 2.25 inches; chest of 37 inches fully expanded; dark complexion; brown eyes; black hair.

Joined the 91st Battalion, CEF, in St. Thomas, Ontario, on 17 February 1916 (number 189994) - taken on the strength of the 38th Battalion, CEF, on 20 or 21 August 1916 - struck off the strength of the 38th Battalion on 16 June 1919.

Awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal - official citation: "For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty as a company runner. He has taken messages on many occasions in the front line through heavy enemy barrages. He displayed fine determination and courage, and set at all times a splendid example to his comrades." - unit recommendation dated 3 April 1918: "Recommended for M.S.M. for consistent good work. He has always carried out his duties as Company runner with the greatest devotion."

(sources: Library and Archives Canada (www.collectionscanada.gc.ca), online attestation papers; Canadian War Museum, 19740281-001, Manu 58F 2 3, 207th Canadian Infantry Battalion and 38th Canadian Infantry Battalion, Nominal Roll; The Cameron Highlanders of Ottawa Regimental Museum, A400-0007, Master Personnel List for the 38th Canadian Infantry Battalion, Canadian Expeditionary Force; Canadian War Museum, 19680229-001, Manu 58C 1 2.18, Honours and Awards, 38th Battalion (Records of recommendations for honours and awards and mentioned in dispatches 19161121 19190117))

Private Claude Joseph Patrick Nunney, VC, DCM, MM

Born on 24 December 1892 in Dublin, Ireland - next of kin listed as Mrs. D.J. McDonald, North Lancaster, Ontario, and Gordon Calder, Green Valley, Ontario - at the time of his enlistment in 1915: trade as painter; single; no current or previous military service; Roman Catholic; height of 5 feet 5 inches; chest of 38.5 inches fully expanded; fair complexion; blue eyes; red hair.

Joined the 38th Battalion, CEF, in Alexandria, Ontario, on 8 March 1915 (number 410935) - served with the 38th Battalion during its period of garrison duty in Bermuda - landed in France with the 38th Battalion on 13 August 1916 - wounded on 12 April 1917 - rejoined the 38th Battalion on 14 April 1917 - wounded on 29 July 1917 - rejoined the 38th Battalion on 5 October 1917 - wounded on 3 May 1918 - rejoined the 38th Battalion on 18 August 1918 - wounded on 2 September 1918 - died of those wounds on 18 September 1918 - buried in Aubigny Communal Cemetery Extension (grave IV.B.39), France.

Awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal - official citation: "For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty. Although wounded in two places, and his section wiped out, he continued to advance, carrying his gun and ammunition, and alone stopping an attack by over 200 enemy. He continued on duty for three days, showing exceptional fearlessness, and doing magnificent work." - unit recommendation dated 17 April 1917: "For gallant conduct while in charge of a machine gun Section during operations of Apr. 9/17."

Awarded the Military Medal - no official citation - unit recommendation dated 3 July 1917: "This N.C.O. took charge of his Platoon in an advanced position in Avion, after his Platoon Officer had been wounded. He displayed the greatest energy, strength and courage, remaining continuously on duty from June 28th to June 30th/17. He also proceeded to the assistance of a wounded man when no S.B. was available."

Recommended for a "Croix de Guerre with Star" on 13 February 1918 - no unit recommendation text - no award made.

Awarded the Victoria Cross - official citation: "For most conspicuous bravery during the operations against Drocourt-Quéant line on the 1st and 2nd September, 1918. On 1st September, when his battalion was in the vicinity of Vis-en-Artois, preparatory to the advance, the enemy laid down a heavy barrage and counter-attacked. Pte. Nunney, who was at this time at company headquarters, immediately on his own initiative proceeded through the barrage to the company outpost lines, going from post to post and encouraging the men by his own fearless example. The enemy were repulsed and a critical situation was saved. During the attack on 2nd September his dash continually placed him in advance of his companions, and his fearless example undoubtedly helped greatly to carry the company forward to its objectives. He displayed throughout the highest degree of valour until severely wounded." - unit recommendation dated 7 September 1918: "For conspicuous gallantry during Scarpe Operations on Sept. 1st and 2nd. Recommended for Victoria Cross."

(sources: Library and Archives Canada (www.collectionscanada.gc.ca), online attestation papers; Canadian War Museum, 19740281-001, Manu 58F 2 3, 207th Canadian Infantry Battalion and 38th Canadian Infantry Battalion, Nominal Roll; The Cameron Highlanders of Ottawa Regimental Museum, A400-0007, Master Personnel List for the 38th Canadian Infantry Battalion, Canadian Expeditionary Force; Commonwealth War Graves Commission, "Debt of Honour" register, www.cwgc.org; Canadian War Museum, 19680229-001, Manu 58C 1 2.18, Honours and Awards, 38th Battalion (Records of recommendations for honours and awards and mentioned in dispatches 19161121 19190117))

Private Reginald J. Newton, DCM

Born on 4 May 1895 in Toronto, Ontario - son of Mrs. M. Newton, Toronto, Ontario - at the time of his enlistment in 1915: piano fitter; single; no current or previous military service; Church of England; height of 5 feet 7.5 inches; chest of 33 inches fully expanded; dark complexion; blue eyes; black hair.

Joined the 80th Battalion, CEF, in Smiths Falls, Ontario, on 26 August 1915 (number 219205) - taken on the strength of the 38th Battalion, CEF, in England on 1 August 1916 - landed in France with the 38th Battalion on 13 August 1916 - wounded on 18 November 1916 - invalided to England on 24 November 1916.

Awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal - official citation: "For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty. He continually carried messages under the most intense fire. Later although wounded, he refused to leave his post and continued to render most valuable services." - unit recommendation dated 19 January 1917: "In attack on Desire Trench Nov. 18/16, he performed most valuable work in his capacity as Coy. Runner to Capt. MacDowell."

(sources: Library and Archives Canada (www.collectionscanada.gc.ca), online attestation papers; Canadian War Museum, 19740281-001, Manu 58F 2 3, 207th Canadian Infantry Battalion and 38th Canadian Infantry Battalion, Nominal Roll; The Cameron Highlanders of Ottawa Regimental Museum, A400-0007, Master Personnel List for the 38th Canadian Infantry Battalion, Canadian Expeditionary Force; Canadian War Museum, 19680229-001, Manu 58C 1 2.18, Honours and Awards, 38th Battalion (Records of recommendations for honours and awards and mentioned in dispatches 19161121 19190117))

Sergeant Robert Percy Barr, DCM

Born on 6 March 1898 on South Mountain, Ontario - son of William Barr, Oxford Mills, Ontario - brother of Private Thomas Murray Barr, 38th Battalion, CEF - attestation form notes trade as farmer, single, no current military membership, previously served one year with 56th Regiment in Kemptville, height of 5 feet 7.5 inches, chest of 39 inches, dark complexion, brown eyes, black hair, Presbyterian.

Joined the 109th Canadian Infantry Battalion in Lindsay, Ontario, on 6 March 1916 (number 724051) - trained at Lindsay and Barriefield, Ontario - sailed for England on 17 July 1915 - trained at Camp Witley - taken on the strength of the 38th Battalion in France on 4 or 6 December 1916 - wounded on 22 February 1917 - sent to 13th Field Ambulance with gun shot wound to the left thigh and left cheek - rejoined the battalion on 6 April 1917 - died on 30 October 1917 of wounds received that day - buried in Tyne Cot Cemetery (grave I.B.5), Belgium.

A letter to Sergeant Barr's family from Lieutenant A.D. Stalker, his officer commanding, dated 20 November 1917 reads:

It is with deep regret that I write these few lines to you, to express my sincere sympathy for you in your recent bereavement[.] I have purposely delayed writing until this date so as to be sure of the truth of the report[.] The official report has now reached us, with the location of Sergeant Barr's last resting place, which I have just given to his brother. Although I had only known Sergeant Barr for a comparitively [sic] short time, I had found him to be one of the most dependable and trustworthy fellows I have ever known[.] He was a great favoriet [sic] with all the members of A Coy [who] realise that they have lost in Sergt Barr one of their best friends.

I truly realize the emptiness of mere words in a case of this kind, but I write in hope that when time has dulled the edge of your bitter grief the, the knowledge that others recognized the sterling worth of your son might be of some consolation to you.

Recommended for an unnamed decoration, likely a Military Medal - no award - unit recommendation 1 March 1917: "For conspicuous work during the raid carried out by this Battn on the enemy trenches Feb 22/17."

Awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal - citation: "For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty when in charge of bombers. At a critical moment he established a block on an exposed flank, and with great gallantry and determination held in check superior numbers of the enemy until artillery support could be obtained. Throughout the entire action he encouraged his small party by his cheerfulness and personal example, undoubtedly giving the enemy the impression that the block was held in much greater strength than was actually the case." - unit recommendation dated 3 July 1917 - "During attack on Avion Trench June 27/17 this N.C.O. showed great judgement and courage in placing a block in the trench in our advanced position and holding our flank with only six bombers, against very great odds."

(My sincere thanks to Roy Brown and Sylvia Armstrong for additional documents and imagery on Sergeant Barr).

(sources: Library and Archives Canada (www.collectionscanada.gc.ca), online attestation papers; Canadian War Museum, 19740281-001, Manu 58F 2 3, 207th Canadian Infantry Battalion and 38th Canadian Infantry Battalion, Nominal Roll; The Cameron Highlanders of Ottawa Regimental Museum, A400-0007, Master Personnel List for the 38th Canadian Infantry Battalion, Canadian Expeditionary Force; Canadian War Museum, 19680229-001, Manu 58C 1 2.18, Honours and Awards, 38th Battalion (Records of recommendations for honours and awards and mentioned in dispatches 19161121 19190117); miscellaneous material on Barr from Mr. Roy Brown and Mrs. Sylvia Armstrong)

Warrant Officer Class II (Company Sergeant-Major) William Alfred Millen, DCM

Born on 7 September 1881 in London, England - husband of Mildren Millen, Haileybury, Ontario - at the time of his enlistment in 1916: present address in Haileybury, Ontario; trade as bookkeeper; currently a member of the 97th Regiment; previously served with the Royal Marines Light Infantry (five years); Church of England; height of 5 feet 8 inches; chest of 38 inches fully expanded; fair complexion; blue eyes; fair hair.

Joined the 159th Battalion, CEF, in Haileybury, Ontario, on 25 January 1916 (number 648006) - taken on the strength of the 38th Battalion, CEF, on 26 or 27 June 1917 - struck off strength to England in order to be commissioned on 10 May 1918 - commissioned as a Lieutenant with the 6th Reserve Battalion, CEF, on 23 November 1918.

Awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal - official citation: "For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty during a hostile shelling, when, by his courage and great presence of mind, he undoubtedly prevented a panic and aided in steadying the men at a critical moment." - unit recommendation dated 17 April 1918: "For gallantry and devotion in the Field."

(sources: Library and Archives Canada (www.collectionscanada.gc.ca), online attestation papers; Canadian War Museum, 19740281-001, Manu 58F 2 3, 207th Canadian Infantry Battalion and 38th Canadian Infantry Battalion, Nominal Roll; The Cameron Highlanders of Ottawa Regimental Museum, A400-0007, Master Personnel List for the 38th Canadian Infantry Battalion, Canadian Expeditionary Force; Canadian War Museum, 19680229-001, Manu 58C 1 2.18, Honours and Awards, 38th Battalion (Records of recommendations for honours and awards and mentioned in dispatches 19161121 19190117))

Corporal John McCormick, DCM

Born on 14 October 1888 in Lancaster, Ontario - son of Roderick McCormick, Alexandria, Ontario - at the time of his enlistment in 1915: trade as stationary engineer; single; no current or previous military service; Roman Catholic; height of 5 feet 8.5 inches; chest of 38.5 inches fully expanded; ruddy complexion; brown eyes; brown hair.

Joined the 59th Battalion, CEF, on 10 May 1915 - transferred to the 38th Battalion, CEF, on 10 June 1915 (number 410366) - served with the 38th Battalion during its period of garrison duty in Bermuda - landed in France with the 38th Battalion on 13 August 1916 - wounded on 9 April 1917 - invalided to England on 16 April 1917 - rejoined the 38th Battalion on 2 February 1918 - wounded on 26 April 1918 - rejoined the 38th Battalion on 14 June 1918 - struck off the strength of the 38th Battalion on 16 June 1919.

Awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal - official citation: "For gallantry and devotion to duty from 16th/17th September to 11th November 1918. In the operations around Cambrai on the 29th September, after his section had suffered casualties, he organized a new section from the remnants of other sections, and went forward under heavy machine gun fire." - unit recommendation dated 26 December 1918: "For Gallantry during operations near Cambrai. Recommended for Distinguished Conduct Medal (Peace Despatch)."

(sources: Library and Archives Canada (www.collectionscanada.gc.ca), online attestation papers; Canadian War Museum, 19740281-001, Manu 58F 2 3, 207th Canadian Infantry Battalion and 38th Canadian Infantry Battalion, Nominal Roll; The Cameron Highlanders of Ottawa Regimental Museum, A400-0007, Master Personnel List for the 38th Canadian Infantry Battalion, Canadian Expeditionary Force; Canadian War Museum, 19680229-001, Manu 58C 1 2.18, Honours and Awards, 38th Battalion (Records of recommendations for honours and awards and mentioned in dispatches 19161121 19190117))

Private Sigurd Mathisen, DCM

Born on 29 December 1890 in Scarpsburg, Norway - father of Millie Mathisen, Swansea, South Wales - at the time of his enlistment in 1916: present address in Brooklyn, New York; trade as engineer; single; currently a member of the Active Militia; no previous military service; Roman Catholic; height of 5 feet 10 inches; chest of 38 inches fully expanded; dark complexion; brown eyes; dark brown hair.

Joined the 97th Battalion, CEF, in Toronto, Ontario, on 11 February 1916 (number 207924) - taken on the strength of the 38th Battalion, CEF, on 16 or 17 February 1917 - wounded on 9 April 1917 - invalided to England on 14 April 1917 - rejoined the 38th Battalion on 11 November 1917 - struck off the strength of the 38th Battalion on 16 June 1919.

Awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal - official citation: "For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty from the 1st to 5th November, 1918, near and in Valenciennes. On the 1st November, as battalion scout, he crossed the Canal de l'Escaut under heavy machine gun fire, locating enemy machine guns and sniping posts. Later, when on patrol, he worked well forward into the hostile defences, and when surrounded by fire of the enemy, and called upon to surrender, he killed them all unaided and returned with valuable information." - unit recommendation dated November 1918: "For gallantry during operations in around [sic] Valenciennes from Nov. 1 to 5/18."

(sources: Library and Archives Canada (www.collectionscanada.gc.ca), online attestation papers; Canadian War Museum, 19740281-001, Manu 58F 2 3, 207th Canadian Infantry Battalion and 38th Canadian Infantry Battalion, Nominal Roll; The Cameron Highlanders of Ottawa Regimental Museum, A400-0007, Master Personnel List for the 38th Canadian Infantry Battalion, Canadian Expeditionary Force; Canadian War Museum, 19680229-001, Manu 58C 1 2.18, Honours and Awards, 38th Battalion (Records of recommendations for honours and awards and mentioned in dispatches 19161121 19190117))

Private Mike Maloney, DCM

Born on 1 December 1897 in Genoa, Italy - son of Mary Delchile, Italy - at the time of his enlistment in 1916: present address in Cardinal, Ontario; trade as farmer; single; no current or previous military service; Methodist; height of 5 feet 5 inches; chest of 34 inches fully expanded; auburn complexion; brown eyes; red hair.

Joined the 156th Battalion, CEF, in Brockville, Ontario, on 21 February 1916 (number 639721) - taken on the strength of the 38th Battalion, CEF, on 24 May 1917 - struck off the strength of the 38th Battalion on 16 June 1919.

Awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal - official citation: "For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty. On 11th August, 1918, east of Rosieres, the advance of one of the sections was held up by an enemy machine gun. This man proceeded alone, outflanked the position, killed one of the crew, and captured two of the enemy together with the machine gun. His prompt and determined action saved many casualties." - unit recommendation dated 15 August 1918: "For gallantry in capturing a German M.G. near Rosieres 11.8.18."

(sources: Library and Archives Canada (www.collectionscanada.gc.ca), online attestation papers; Canadian War Museum, 19740281-001, Manu 58F 2 3, 207th Canadian Infantry Battalion and 38th Canadian Infantry Battalion, Nominal Roll; The Cameron Highlanders of Ottawa Regimental Museum, A400-0007, Master Personnel List for the 38th Canadian Infantry Battalion, Canadian Expeditionary Force; Canadian War Museum, 19680229-001, Manu 58C 1 2.18, Honours and Awards, 38th Battalion (Records of recommendations for honours and awards and mentioned in dispatches 19161121 19190117))

Lieutenant William Cameron MacLennan, DCM

Born on 12 July 1895 in Lancaster, Ontario - son of John A. MacLennan, Lancaster, Ontario - at the time of his enlistment in 1915: trade as student; single; currently a member of the 59th Regiment (one year and eleven months); no previous military service; Presbyterian; height of 5 feet 11 inches; chest of 38 inches fully expanded; ruddy complexion; hazel eyes; brown hair.

Joined the 38th Battalion, CEF, as an other rank in Prospect, Bermuda, on 1 August 1915 (number 410564) - served with the 38th Battalion during its period of garrison duty in Bermuda - landed in France with the 38th Battalion on 13 August 1916 - commissioned as a Lieutenant on 9 April 1917 - wounded on 28 or 29 June 1917 - invalided to England on 1 July 1917 - rejoined the 38th Battalion on 23 January 1918 - wounded on 10 or 13 August 1918 - invalided to England on 15 August 1918.

Awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal (as a Lance-Sergeant) - official citation: "For conspicuous gallantry in action. He took command of and led a company with great courage and determination. He rendered most valuable services during the consolidation of the position and later upon relief." - unit recommendation dated 23 November 1916: "In attack on Desire Trench Nov. 18/16, when all the Officers of "C" Company had become casualties, he took command of the Company and rendered valuable assistance to Major Wood, who was the only Officer in the Battn. who had not become a casualty."

(sources: Library and Archives Canada (www.collectionscanada.gc.ca), online attestation papers; Canadian War Museum, 19740281-001, Manu 58F 2 3, 207th Canadian Infantry Battalion and 38th Canadian Infantry Battalion, Nominal Roll; The Cameron Highlanders of Ottawa Regimental Museum, A400-0007, Master Personnel List for the 38th Canadian Infantry Battalion, Canadian Expeditionary Force; Canadian War Museum, 19680229-001, Manu 58C 1 2.18, Honours and Awards, 38th Battalion (Records of recommendations for honours and awards and mentioned in dispatches 19161121 19190117))

Sergeant Horace William Langdon, DCM

Born on 17 August 1891 in Berkshire, England - son of Violet A. Langdon, Toronto, Ontario - at the time of his enlistment in 1916: present address same as mother; trade as bookkeeper; single; no current military service; previously served with the Canadian Officers' Training Corps as a Private (three months); Church of England; height of 5 feet 7.75 inches; chest of 38 inches fully expanded; fair complexion; blue eyes; brown hair.

Joined the 4th Divisional Cyclists, CEF, in Toronto, Ontario, on 25 March 1916 (number 541240) - taken on the strength of the 74th Battalion, CEF, in England on 9 June 1916 - transferred to the 51st Battalion, CEF, in England on 16 June 1916 - rejoined the 74th Battalion, CEF, in England on 1 July 1916 - transferred to the 38th Battalion, CEF, in England on 18 July 1916 - landed in France with the 38th Battalion on 13 August 1916 - struck off the strength of the 38th Battalion on 9 April 1919.

Awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal - official citation: "For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty. He repeatedly made most valuable reconnaissances, and on one occasion, in order definitely to locate the enemy, he deliberately walked over the open to draw their fire. His courage and coolness have been invaluable." - unit recommendation dated 18 September 1917: "This N.C.O. displayed conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty in his work as Scout Sgt. during all activities of the Battn. from June 25th to Sept. 18th/17."

(sources: Library and Archives Canada (www.collectionscanada.gc.ca), online attestation papers; Canadian War Museum, 19740281-001, Manu 58F 2 3, 207th Canadian Infantry Battalion and 38th Canadian Infantry Battalion, Nominal Roll; The Cameron Highlanders of Ottawa Regimental Museum, A400-0007, Master Personnel List for the 38th Canadian Infantry Battalion, Canadian Expeditionary Force; Canadian War Museum, 19680229-001, Manu 58C 1 2.18, Honours and Awards, 38th Battalion (Records of recommendations for honours and awards and mentioned in dispatches 19161121 19190117))

Sergeant Frank Krasinski, DCM

Born on 13 May 1895 in Douglas, Ontario - son of Mrs. Veronica Krasinski, Renfrew, Ontario - at the time of his enlistment in 1915: trade as farmer; single; currently a member of "E" Company, 42nd Regiment; no previous military service; Roman Catholic; height of 5 feet 3.125 inches; chest of 34 inches fully expanded; dark complexion; blue eyes; black hair.

Joined the 59th Battalion, CEF, in Smiths Falls, Ontario, on 2 February 1915 - transferred to the 38th Battalion, CEF, on 22 June 1915 (number 410335) - served with the 38th Battalion during its period of garrison duty in Bermuda - landed in France with the 38th Battalion on 13 August 1916 - wounded on 25 or 26 May 1917 - rejoined the 38th Battalion on 7 July 1917 - struck off the strength of the 38th Battalion on 16 June 1919.

Awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal - official citation: "For marked gallantry and determined leadership during operations in the vicinity of Bourlon from 27th September to 30th September, 1918. During the advance on the 27th the company to which he was attached as a Lewis gunner was held up in front of a sunken road strongly held by enemy machine guns and anti-tank guns. He worked his way forward alone in face of heavy fire, and captured two anti-tank guns and their crews, consisting of one officer and five O.Rs. Later, as company serjeant-major, he set a splendid example to all ranks." - unit recommendation dated 4 October 1918: "For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty during operations in the vicinity of Bourlon 27th to 30th Sept 1918."

Unit recommendation for an unnamed Romanian decoration dated 7 January 1919: "For gallantry and devotion to duty during operations of Sept 2nd 1918." - no medal awarded.

(sources: Library and Archives Canada (www.collectionscanada.gc.ca), online attestation papers; Canadian War Museum, 19740281-001, Manu 58F 2 3, 207th Canadian Infantry Battalion and 38th Canadian Infantry Battalion, Nominal Roll; The Cameron Highlanders of Ottawa Regimental Museum, A400-0007, Master Personnel List for the 38th Canadian Infantry Battalion, Canadian Expeditionary Force; Canadian War Museum, 19680229-001, Manu 58C 1 2.18, Honours and Awards, 38th Battalion (Records of recommendations for honours and awards and mentioned in dispatches 19161121 19190117))

Private James Thomas Kobus, DCM

Born on 10 May 1896 in Renfrew, Ontario - son of Mrs. Katherine Kobus, Renfrew, Ontario - at the time of his enlistment in 1916: present address same as mother; trade as clerk; single; no current or previous military service.

Joined the 130th Battalion, CEF, in Renfrew, Ontario, on 14 March 1916 (number 788589) - taken on the strength of the 38th Battalion, CEF, on 14 or 15 November 1916 - wounded on 9 April 1917 - invalided to England on 12 April 1917 - rejoined the 38th Battalion on 6 July 1917 - struck off the strength of the 38th Battalion to the Canadian Corps Reinforcement Camp, CEF, on 22 February 1918.

Awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal - official citation: "For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty. With one other man he followed an officer into a dug-out. The occupants resisted and the situation was critical, but they succeeded in capturing two officers and seventy-five men, besides two machine guns and much ammunition. His fearlessness was most marked. Unfortunately he was wounded." - unit recommendation dated 17 April 1917: "For gallant conduct in their capacity of Company Runners during operation of Apr. 9/17."

(sources: Library and Archives Canada (www.collectionscanada.gc.ca), online attestation papers; Canadian War Museum, 19740281-001, Manu 58F 2 3, 207th Canadian Infantry Battalion and 38th Canadian Infantry Battalion, Nominal Roll; The Cameron Highlanders of Ottawa Regimental Museum, A400-0007, Master Personnel List for the 38th Canadian Infantry Battalion, Canadian Expeditionary Force; Canadian War Museum, 19680229-001, Manu 58C 1 2.18, Honours and Awards, 38th Battalion (Records of recommendations for honours and awards and mentioned in dispatches 19161121 19190117))

Private George Alexander Kelty, DCM

Born on 18 April 1885 in Glasgow, Scotland - husband of Mrs. Geo. A. Kelty, Glasgow, Scotland - brother of Mrs. James McLeod, Wigtonshire, Scotland - at the time of his enlistment in 1915: trade as painter; single; no current military service; previously served with the Highland Light Infantry in Scotland (two years); Presbyterian; height of 5 feet 11 inches; chest of 38.5 inches fully expanded; dark complexion; brown eyes; dark brown hair.

Joined the 59th Battalion, CEF, in Napanee, Ontario, on 19 May 1915 - transferred to the 38th Battalion, CEF, on 10 June 1915 (number 410281) - served with the 38th Battalion during its period of garrison duty in Bermuda - landed in France with the 38th Battalion on 13 August 1916 - wounded on 20 or 29 October 1917 - invalided to England on 6 November 1917 - rejoined the 38th Battalion on 11 October 1918 - wounded on 1 November 1918 - invalided to England on 6 November 1918.

Awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal - official citation: "For conspicuous gallantry in action. He displayed great courage and initiative during an attack against an enemy strong point, materially assisting in the capture of the position, three machine guns and fifty prisoners." - unit recommendation dated 21 November 1916: "In attack on Desire Trench Nov. 18/16, they did valuable work in attacking with Capt. MacDowell a M.G. Post and capturing the crew."

(sources: Library and Archives Canada (www.collectionscanada.gc.ca), online attestation papers; Canadian War Museum, 19740281-001, Manu 58F 2 3, 207th Canadian Infantry Battalion and 38th Canadian Infantry Battalion, Nominal Roll; The Cameron Highlanders of Ottawa Regimental Museum, A400-0007, Master Personnel List for the 38th Canadian Infantry Battalion, Canadian Expeditionary Force; Canadian War Museum, 19680229-001, Manu 58C 1 2.18, Honours and Awards, 38th Battalion (Records of recommendations for honours and awards and mentioned in dispatches 19161121 19190117))

Lance-Corporal Alex Lalonde, DCM

Born on 14 May 1895 in Cornwall, Ontario - son of Gregor Lalonde, Cornwall, Ontario - at the time of his enlistment in 1915: trade as weaver; single; no current military service; previously served with Canadian volunteers (one year); Roman Catholic; height of 5 feet 4.5 inches; chest of 36.5 inches fully expanded; dark complexion; brown eyes; dark brown hair.

Joined the 59th Battalion, CEF, on 6 May 1915 - transferred to the 38th Battalion, CEF, on 10 June 1915 (number 410339) - served with the 38th Battalion during its period of garrison duty in Bermuda - landed in France with the 38th Battalion on 13 August 1916 - wounded (at duty) on 22 February 1917 - died on 31 October 1917 of wounds suffered that day - buried in Nine Elms British Cemetery (grave VIII.D.3), Belgium.

Awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal - official citation: "For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty during a raid on the enemy's trenches. He picked up an enemy grenade which fell amongst his party and immediately threw it back at the enemy, where it exploded, killing two of them. Later, he carried a wounded comrade back to our lines." - unit recommendation date unknown: "For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty."

(sources: Library and Archives Canada (www.collectionscanada.gc.ca), online attestation papers; Canadian War Museum, 19740281-001, Manu 58F 2 3, 207th Canadian Infantry Battalion and 38th Canadian Infantry Battalion, Nominal Roll; The Cameron Highlanders of Ottawa Regimental Museum, A400-0007, Master Personnel List for the 38th Canadian Infantry Battalion, Canadian Expeditionary Force)

Canadian War Museum, 19680229-001, Manu 58C 1 2.18, Honours and Awards, 38th Battalion (Records of recommendations for honours and awards and mentioned in dispatches 19161121 19190117)

Private Arthur James Hay, DCM

Born on 2 September 1895 in Toronto, Ontario - son of Priscilla Hay, Toronto, Ontario - at the time of his enlistment in 1915: trade as trunk maker, single, no current or previous military service, Roman Catholic, height of 5 feet 3 inches, chest of 34 inches fully expanded, medium complexion, grey eyes, brown hair.

Joined the 77th Battalion, CEF, in Smiths Falls, Ontario, on 21 July 1915 (number 144589) - transferred to the 38th Battalion, CEF, in Bermuda on 6 December 1915 - served with the 38th Battalion during its period of garrison duty in Bermuda - landed in France with the 38th Battalion on 13 August 1916 - invalided sick to England on 26 April 1917 - rejoined the 38th Battalion on 12 July 1917 - wounded on 5 September 1917 - invalided to England on 15 September 1917.

Awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal - official citation: "For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty. With one other man, he followed an officer into a dug-out. The occupants resisted, and the situation was critical, but they succeeded in capturing two officers and seventy-five men, besides two machine guns and much ammunition. His fearlessness was most marked." - unit recommendation dated 17 April 1917: "For gallant conduct in their capacity of Company Runners during operation of Apr. 9/17."

(sources: Library and Archives Canada (www.collectionscanada.gc.ca), online attestation papers; Canadian War Museum, 19740281-001, Manu 58F 2 3, 207th Canadian Infantry Battalion and 38th Canadian Infantry Battalion, Nominal Roll; The Cameron Highlanders of Ottawa Regimental Museum, A400-0007, Master Personnel List for the 38th Canadian Infantry Battalion, Canadian Expeditionary Force; Canadian War Museum, 19680229-001, Manu 58C 1 2.18, Honours and Awards, 38th Battalion (Records of recommendations for honours and awards and mentioned in dispatches 19161121 19190117))